Ball bearing

A ball bearing is a type of rolling bearing that utilizes balls to reduce friction and improve mobility between two parts of a machine or structure. Its fundamental function lies in increasing the efficiency and reliability of moving parts, reducing wear, and absorbing radial and axial loads.

The construction of a ball bearing typically consists of several main components: the outer ring, inner ring, balls, and cage (ball retainer). The outer ring is fixedly mounted and, together with the inner ring, which is attached to a rotating axis, forms the raceway for the balls. These balls are evenly spaced within the cage, which prevents their mutual contact and ensures their proper positioning and even load distribution.

Ball bearings are manufactured in many designs and sizes to suit a wide range of applications, from small bearings in electronics to large industrial bearings. Specific types include single-row, double-row, angular contact bearings, self-aligning ball bearings, and others. Each type has its specific advantages and is suitable for certain conditions of use.

Materials used for the production of ball bearings include steel, ceramics, or plastic. Steel bearings are the most common due to their high durability and strength. Ceramic bearings offer advantages such as lower weight, corrosion resistance, and the ability to operate in extreme temperatures. Plastic bearings are used in applications where durability requirements are lower, or corrosion resistance is needed.

The maintenance and lifespan of ball bearings depend on many factors, including loads, rotation speed, environment, and proper installation. Regular inspection, lubrication, and cleaning can significantly extend their lifespan and increase the reliability of machines and equipment in which they are used.